Why did Saddam Invade Kuwait?

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Primary Sources

Jimmy Carter, Keeping Faith: Memoirs of a President, (1982)

Ronald Reagan, An American Life: The Autobiography, (1990)

Margaret Thatcher, The Downing Street Years, (1993)

George Bush and Brent Scowcroft, A World Transformed, (1998)

John Sununu, The Quiet Man: The Indispensable Presidency of George H.W. Bush, (2015)

James Baker, III and Thomas DeFrank, The Politics of Diplomacy: Revolution, War & Peace, 1989-1992, (1995)

Dick Cheney and Liz Cheney, In My Time: A Personal and Political Memoir, (2011)

Colin Powell and Joseph Persico, My American Journey, (1996)

William Burns, The Back Channel: A Memoir of American Diplomacy and the Case for its Renewal, (2019)

Dennis Ross, The Missing Peace: The Inside Story of the Fight for Middle East Peace, (2004)

Javier Perez de Cuellar, Pilgrimage for Peace: A Secretary-General’s Memoir, (1997)

Moshe Arens, In Defense of Israel: A Memoir of a Political Life, (2018)

General H. Norman Schwarzkopf & Peter Petre, It Doesn’t Take a Hero: The Autobiography, (1993)

Secondary Sources

Micah Sifry & Christopher Cerf, The Gulf War Reader: History, Documents, Opinions, (1991)

Saied Aburish, The Rise, Corruption and Coming Fall of The House of Saud, (1994)

Turi Munthe, The Saddam Hussein Reader, (2002)

Con Coughlin, Saddam: The Secret Life, (2002)

Douglas Little, American Orientalism: The United States and the Middle East Since 1945, (2004)

Michael Oren, Power, Faith, and Fantasy: America in the Middle East 1776 to the Present, (2011)

Gordon Thomas, Gideon’s Spies: The Secret History of the Mossad, (2012)

Robert Draper, To Start a War: How the Bush Administration Took America into Iraq, (2020)

Steve Coll, The Achilles Trap: Saddam Hussein, The CIA, and the Origins of America’s Invasion of Iraq, (2024)

Footnotes

[2] Bush, Scowcroft, p. 302-4

[3] Gulf War Reader, Khalidi, p. 61-2

[4] Coughlin, p. 150-62

[5] Coughlin, p. 166-71, 211-5

[6] Gulf War Reader, Khalidi, p. 61-2

[7] Little, p. 137-42

[8] Little, p. 137-42

[9] Little, p. 142-55

[10] Reagan, p. 273, 410-5

[11] Coughlin, p. 211-5, Cuellar, p. 131-2

[12] Draper, p. 53-6

[13] Baker, p. 260-4, Oren, p. 560-3

[14] Saddam Reader, Black, p. 189-7, Draper, p. 57-9

[15] Baker, p. 260-4

[16] Coll, Achilles,p. 144-6

[17] Baker, p. 260-4

[18] Coughlin, p. 237-42

[19] Schwarzkopf, p. 346-8

[20] Baker, p. 264-7, Coll, Achilles,p. 144-6

[21] Coughlin, p. 239-42, 247-9

[22] Draper, p. 59-62

[23] Coll, Achilles,p. 147-8

[24] Gulf War Reader, The Economist, p. 99-101

[25] Coughlin, p. 245-7, Coll, Achilles,p. 148-50

[26] Baker, p. 267-71, Gulf War Reader, The Economist, p. 102

[27] Coll, Achilles,p. 150-2, Thomas, p. 303-7

[28] Arens, p. 164-5

[29] Coll, Achilles,p. 152-6, Bush, Scowcroft, p. 307-12

[30] Baker, p. 267-71

[31] Gulf War Reader, The Economist, p. 102-3

[32] Coll, Achilles,p. 156-9, Gulf War Reader, Khalidi, p. 63-4

[33] Coughlin, p. 247-9, Baker, p. 267-71

[34] Coll, Achilles,p. 156-9

[35] Baker, p. 267-71

[36] Coll, Achilles,p 159-63

[37] Baker, p. 271-4, Gulf War Reader, Khalidi, p. 63-4

[38] Sununu, p. 271-4

[39] Bush, Scowcroft, p. 307-12

[40] Coll, Achilles,p 159-63

[41] Baker, p. 271-4

[42] Coll, Achilles, p. 163-8

[43] Cheney, p. 181-3, Arens, p. 164-5, Schwarzkopf, p. 362-6

[44] Gulf War Reader, Khalidi, p. 61-2

[45] Coll, Achilles,p. 156-9, Powell, p. 446-9

[46] Coll, Achilles, p. 163-8

[47] Coll, Achilles, p. 163-8, Baker, p. 271

[48] Burns, p. 56-60, Baker, p. 271-4

[49] Sununu, p. 271-4

[50] Coll, Achilles, p. 168-71

[51] Coughlin, p. 249-52

[52] Powell, p. 446-9

[53] Schwarzkopf, p. 366-71,

Powell, p. 446-9

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