Anxiety and ADHD
January 25, 2025
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24:11Now PlayingAnxiety and ADHD
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Roughly a third of those with ADHD also meet criteria for an anxiety disorder. Disrupted attention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity can be present in both conditions, and conventional self-assessment scales do a poor job of differentiating whether symptoms arise from ADHD, anxiety, or both.
ADHD in early childhood contributes to the development of anxiety disorders, whereas most research has failed to show that anxiety disorders cause full-blown ADHD. However, anxiety often worsens symptoms of ADHD. In other instances, anxiety can reduce the expression of ADHD symptoms such as impulsivity.
A careful exploration of the progression of symptoms over time, and examining which situations worsen or improve symptoms yields the most help in differentiating anxiety from ADHD. Medication can also be quite helpful in sorting out the two conditions. Stimulants and other ADHD medications (at appropriate doses) usually reduce anxiety in those with ADHD, but tend to exacerbate anxiety in those without ADHD.
The treatment of anxiety in the setting of ADHD often starts with proper adjustment of any ADHD medications. A number of agents, including SSRI, buspirone, and guanfacine, can be added on to target anxiety reduction in individuals with ADHD. Behavioral approaches, including cyclic sighing, exercise, meditation, and the chanting of mantras, may also help reduce anxiety, as can CBT based cognitive reframing and re-education.
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References:
A meta-analytic review of the impact of ADHD medications on anxiety and depression in children and adolescents (2023)
Attachment and comorbid anxiety in ADHD (2024)
Early Development of Comorbidity Between Symptoms of ADHD and Anxiety (2021)
Differential diagnosis and comorbidity of ADHD and anxiety in adults
Is Clinical Anxiety a Risk or a Protective Factor for Executive Functioning in Youth with ADHD? A Meta-regression Analysis (2018)
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Streamed live January 24, 2024
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Psychiatrist, neuroscientist, and author John Kruse, MD, PhD presents practical, actionable, well-researched information about treatment options that scientists and clinicians recommend for adult ADHD and other mental health conditions.
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