How has global warfare changed over the past four years? | To the point

The war in Ukraine has become the world’s first large‑scale test of artificial intelligence in modern combat. From AI‑guided drones to real‑time battlefield algorithms, technology—not manpower—is reshaping how wars are fought and won.

Three days—that’s how long many experts and politicians believed Ukraine would last when Russia launched its invasion four years ago. Yet despite daily missile and drone attacks and tens of thousands of casualties, Ukraine continues to resist Russian aggression. One decisive factor: the massive use of artificial intelligence, drones, and robotics.

While the West supplies weapons, Ukraine delivers something of its own—digital innovation under extreme pressure. AI‑driven reconnaissance, autonomous systems, and data‑based decision‑making are fundamentally reshaping modern warfare.

Now even the German Armed Forces (Bundeswehr) are looking to Ukraine to learn from its battlefield experience as part of the much‑discussed Zeitenwende—a turning point in military strategy and technology.  How exactly is AI changing the nature of war? What are the risks, opportunities, and consequences for the future of armed conflict?

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