The Biology of Good and Evil | Frans de Waal | EP 269

Frans de Waal is an acclaimed Dutch primatologist and ethologist. He's written and published numerous books, including 'Chimpanzee Cultures,' 'Are We Smart Enough to Know How Smart Animals Are?', 'Mam's Last Hug,' and his most recent book, 'Different: Gender Through the Eyes of a Primatologist.'

In this episode, Frans de Waal and I discuss a number of things, including the instinct for reciprocal cooperation, the characteristics of sex and gender, the necessity of play, reconciliation, how we mismeasure animals, and much more. Thanks for watching.

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[0:00] Intro

[6:44] A Background in Ethology

[9:46] The Social Organization of Chimpanzees

[12:11] Supporters Make Chimps Dominant

[15:56] An Instinct for Reciprocal Cooperation

[17:37] Female Choice in Sexual Selection

[22:45] Biology's Victorian Beginnings

[24:37] Bonobo's Collective Dominance

[27:42] Characteristics of Sex and Gender

[31:02] Preferences in Types of Play

[33:26] The Origin of Antisocial Behavior

[35:43] The Necessity of Play

[37:13] How Play Teaches Self Control

[41:01] Self Socialization

[46:18] Interference in Boys' Development

[51:34] The Behavior of Reconciliation

[57:29] Differences in Male and Female Aggression

[59:35] Peace Making vs. Peace Keeping

[1:01:59] The Conundrum of Compassion

[1:03:11] Competitiveness In Males and Females

[1:06:20] Disliking the Facts of Sex Differences

[1:11:36] How We Mismeasure Animals

[1:21:24] Anthropomorphizing Animals

[1:23:26] Consciousness in Animals

[1:27:15] Sentience

[1:31:16] Self Consciousness and Embellishment

[1:35:50] Unconscious Olfaction

[1:38:53] Problems with Virtualizing the World

[1:40:41] Frans de Waal's Intellectual Heroes

[1:42:20] Closing Comments

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