Battle of Tours - The Franks Beat Back the Muslim Caliphate DOCUMENTARY

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Third season of the Kings and Generals animated historical documentary series on the Early Muslim Expansion starts with the aftermath of the battles against the Sassanid and Eastern Roman empires at Yarmouk and alQadisiyyah () and battles of Ctesiphon, Alexandria, Nikiou, Jerusalem, Sufetula, Heliopolis, and Nahavand (). We are going to cover the aftermath of the beginning of the First Fitna (Civil War) in the Rashidun Caliphate () and the battle of Siffin of 657, which led to the rise of the Umayyad Caliphate (), external expansion continued with the siege of Constantinople in 674678, but this didn't stop the Second Fitna from happening, leading to the battles of Karbala (680) and Marj Rahit (684) (). We also previously talked about the conclusion of the Second Fitna and the rise and fall of the Zubayrid Caliphate (). In another episode the armies of the Caliphate return to the frontiers, clashing with the crumbling Byzantine Empire in Armenia and North Africa. In the latter, they would not find opposition not just in the Roman remnant, as the rise of a new warrior queen among the Berbers posed a serious challenge to Hassan ibn alNu’man’s conquering army in the Maghreb. And even as the Umayyads won victories on the battlefield and expanded ever further, the cohesion and unity of their empire continued to deteriorate on their Eastern frontiers, planting the seeds of their eventual collapse. And we will also discuss how Carthage was razed once again (). Next up we covered the first Muslim incursion into India, as we discussed the Sindh campaign that allowed the Arabs to gain a foothold in the subcontinent (). Back west, the armies of the Caliphate were taking over the north Africa and advancing towards Visigothic Spain which led to the battle of Guadelete in 711, as we learn how the Muslims conquered Spain (). Events were also transpiring in the east, as the new Caliph Sulayman was eager to finally take Constantinople, leading to the siege of the Eastern Roman capital in 717718 (). In the west, the Arab movement continued into France where they fought in the battle of Toulouse against the duke of Aquitaine Odo (). Their expansion continued in the next years, leading to the famous battle of Tours (Poitiers) in 732 against Charlemagne.