Prof Sam Vaknin
Prof Sam Vaknin
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Vulnerable Dark Triad (VDT) and Light Triad Personalities (Literature Review)

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April 6, 2025

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ERRATUM: the light triad model of Kantianism-humanism-faith in humanity was proposed by Kaufman, not by Johnson.

WATCH Dark Pentagram PersonalityDark Triad/Tetrad and Beyond

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Vulnerable dark triad

The vulnerable dark triad comprises three related and similar constructs: vulnerable narcissism, secondary psychopathy, and borderline personality traits.[53]

LITERATURE

Miller, J.D., Dir, A., Gentile, B., Wilson, L., Pryor, L.R. and Campbell, W.K. (2010), Searching for a Vulnerable Dark TriadComparing Factor 2 Psychopathy, Vulnerable Narcissism, and Borderline Personality Disorder. Journal of Personality, 7815291564.

Gamache, D., Maheux‐Caron, V., Théberge, D., Côté, A., Rancourt, M. A., Hétu, S., & Savard, C. (2023). Revisiting the vulnerable dark triad hypothesis using a bifactor model. Scandinavian Journal of Psychology, 64(5), 679692.

Bruno Bonfá-Araujo, Julie Aitken Schermer,

Unveiling the fragile façade: A scoping review and meta-analysis of the Vulnerable Dark Triad,

Personality and Individual Differences, Volume 224,

2024, 112659, ISSN 0191-8869,

Light triad

First suggested by Laura Johnson in her 2018 masters thesis. It comprises 3 traits: empathy, compassion, and altruism.

According to Kaufman (2019), the light triad incorporates three personality traits: Kantianism, Humanism, Faith in Humanity.

Light triad is only mildly anticorrelated with the dark triad: people can have traits from both.

Light Triad can be defined as a set of prosocial (Johnson, 2018), loving (Kaufman et al., 2019), caring (Gerymski & Krok, 2019), benevolent (Lukić & Živanović, 2021), or positive personality traits (Ramos-Vera et al., 2023).

LITERATURE

Kaufman, S. B. (2019). The light triad vs. dark triad of personality. Scientific American Mind, 30(4), 20–23.

Kaufman, S. B., Yaden, D. B., & Hyde, E. (2019). The light vs. dark triad of personality: Contrasting two very different profiles of human nature. Frontiers in Psychology, 10, 438704.

Lukić, P., & Živanović, M. (2021). Shedding light on the light triad: Further evidence on structural, construct, and predictive validity of the light triad. Personality and Individual Differences, 178, 110876.

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Guests & Subjects Covered

Campbell WKPsychopathy Vulnerable NarcissismBorderline Personality Disorder JournalSavard CScandinavian JournalVulnerable Dark Triad PersonalityIndividual Differences VolumeLaura Johnson

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Vulnerable Dark Triad (VDT) and Light Triad Personalities (Literature Review) · Prof Sam Vaknin · Sentinel