Why Poor Countries Stay Poor in Urdu / Hindi

“Lack of sufficient resources to meet the basic necessities of life” is called poverty. This is also called “Absolute Poverty” or “Extreme Poverty”. One of the basic sufficient resources includes enough food to survive, clean water, and shelter. This we can say is a qualitative definition of poverty.

The unit of analysis for the structural argument is the International system, world system, social system, economic system, or the larger environment in which individuals live. According to the structural argument, individuals are not free in their decision-making process. Rather their decisions are influenced by the forces beyond their control. The poverty of the poor countries is defined by structural argument in terms of “Dependency Theory”. There is three kinds of dependency; Colonial, financial, and technological. All this proves the poverty of the poor countries in the world.

One of the core arguments of “Dependency theory” is that the current and past development of the West was promised on the underdevelopment of the third world countries. One of the key examples is India. When India was a colony of the British, the development of India was totally dependent on the British. After the end of colonialism, there came Core-Periphery relations. This Core-Periphery relation was not only among the countries but also within countries. The core constitutes the most powerful countries and the periphery constitutes the most backward countries. The function of this Core-Periphery model is, the economic surplus of the periphery always goes to the core. This is always done by the local presence.

Theotonio Dos Santos has identified three different kinds of historical dependencies.

1. Colonial Dependency

2. Financial-Industrial Dependence

3. Technological-Industrial Dependence

Finance and Technology are what that need for industrial growth. After the end of colonialism, the colonial countries started to borrow money from international institutions to purchase this advanced machinery which was only produced by the advanced countries. Since poor countries have low levels of export than imports, they have no means to pay back these loans. This produced a cycle of poverty in which a poor country gets entrapped. There is also a severe inequality in the percent of interest rates paid by the rich and poor countries. All this scenario creates a dependency of poor on the rich and advanced countries for their development.

Oscar Lewis‘s Culture of Poverty: Oscar Lewis gives us his culture of poverty model to show that all the poor people of poor countries share some common characteristics. This makes them different from the non-poor countries. With the passage of time, these people constitute a “way of life” which he termed as “Culture of Poverty”. The explanation of this is given in the video.

Rationalists give the argument that poor countries are poor because they make the decision which is “Individually rational, but collectively irrational”. They justified this argument by giving the example of those parents who give birth to many children. Also, the corruption of many countries falls in this category. For rationalists, the state is ineffective and weak. The inability of the state to control the free-rider problem is a major reason for the poverty of many countries.

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