What is Federalism

Unitary State:

A unitary state is one in which supreme governmental authority is vested by the constitution in a single central government. This single central government rule the whole country. There is no other independent or autonomous body besides the central government. All the provinces or states get their powers from the central government. The central government may choose to withdraw powers from the regions or it may increase their powers. The ultimate say remains with the central government.

Federal State:

The federal state is the one in which the supreme powers in the state are distributed by the constriction between a central government and the government of the federating units. This makes each government supreme within its own spheres of power. It means that in a federal state, there is an equal distribution of power. The Constitution is the source of the power. The body with the authority to amend the constitution is used to serve in that state. In contrast to the federal state, it is the unitary state, where powers are held only by the central government.

The distinctive features of federalism include; the federation comprises two sets of governments, federal and federating governments. The matters of the national interest are given to the centre while those of the regional interest are given to the regions, the federation is a union of states, the states which come into the union lose their former sovereignty, it has a written constitution and rigid constitution, the constitution prescribes the process of amending it, and it has a federal judiciary.

The federal state used to consist of two houses. One represents the people and the other represents the federating units. The popularly elected house is called the Lower House and the other house is called the Senate or Upper House.

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