February 3, 2026
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5:32:49Now PlayingWhat is dictatorship,? Explained. Dictatorship questions answered, including its distinction with authoritarianism, totalitarianism and monarchy.
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Rome's Dictatorship
History of Rome by Mommsen Translated by Dickson. 1875. (see Wilson critique)
Dictator: The Evolution of the Roman Dictatorship by Mark Wilson 2022
T. Corey Brennan The Praetorship in the Roman Republic (2000)
Gregory Kung Golden Crisis Management during the Roman Republic (2013)
2010 KU Thesis. A New Perspective Early Roman Dictatorship, 501-300 by Easton
The Constitution of the Roman Republic, A. Lintott 1999
Mary Beard. SPQR A History of Ancient Rome.
The Roman Empire
A Historical Encyclopedia 2 volumes James W. Ermatinger
The Constitution of the Roman Republic Andrew Lintott 2003
Roman Civilization: Selected Readings
The Empire, Volume 1, third edition Lewis & Reinhold (Aulus Gellius excerpt)
Caesar
Barry Strauss. The Death of Caesar
Plutarch. The Life of Julius Caesar ~75CE ; also, Life of Brutus
APPIAN. THE CIVIL WARS. ~162CE
Cassius Dio: Roman History
Nicolaus of Damascus: Life of Augustus
Suetonius, The Lives of the twelve Caesars
M. Tullius Cicero, Orations, The fourteen orations against Marcus Antonius (Philippics)
C. D. Yonge, Ed.
Cicero TO ATTICUS 28 MAY
Cicero De Officiis
Mcahiavelli
The Prince ~1510s
Discourses on Livy ~1510s
Professor William R. Cook Lectures 12-22
Benner, Erica.Be Like the Fox: Machiavelli’s Lifelong Quest for Freedom_. New York: W. W. Norton & Company, 2017
Mansfield, Harvey C. Machiavelli’s Virtue. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, 1996
Skinner, Quentin.Machiavelli: A Very Short Introduction_. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2000
Strauss, Leo.Thoughts on Machiavelli. Seattle: University of Washington Press, 1958
Harvard Program on Constitutional Government. "Is Machiavelli a Moralist or a Realist?"
Harvard Program on Constitutional Government."Is Machiavelli a Philosopher?"
YaleCourses. 10&11. New Modes and Orders: Machiavelli's The Prince
Carl Schmitt
Dictatorship, 1921. Goethe Institut Translation 2013
Political Theology: Four Chapters on the Concept of Sovereignty 2006
by Carl Schmitt, George Schwab (Translator), Tracy B. Strong (Foreword)
Essay: Dictatorship (1926) by Carl Schmitt
Montesquieu
Considerations on the Causes of the Greatness of the Romans and their Decline
by Montesquieu 1734
The Spirit of Law by Montesquieu 1748
Rousseau
On Social Contract 1762
Bertram, Christopher. "Rousseau's Legacy in Two Conceptions of the General Will: Democratic and Transcendent." The Review of Politics, vol. 74, no. 3, 2012, pp. 403–419.
De Wilde, Marc. "Silencing the Laws to Save the Fatherland: Rousseau's Theory of Dictatorship between Bodin and Schmitt." History of European Ideas, vol. 45, no. 8, 2019, pp. 1107–1124.
Bertram, Christopher. "Jean Jacques Rousseau." The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, Winter 2023 Edition.
Szelényi, Ivan. "5. Rousseau: Popular Sovereignty and General Will." YaleCourses
Locke
Two Treatises on Government Locke 1689
Hobbes
Leviathan 1651
Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy(Spring 2025 Edition) Duncan, Stewart. "Thomas Hobbes."
YaleCourses 12-14. The Sovereign State: Hobbes' Leviathan" (Prof. Steven Smith)
French Revolution
Sieyes What is the Third Estate via The French Revolution and Human Rights: A Brief History with Documents by Lynn Hunt
Memoirs of the Life, Exile, and Conversations of the Emperor Napoleon, 1835
The Doctrine of Fascism byMussolini and Giovanni Gentile. 1932.
Lenin: The State and Revolution, 1917. Accessed via Marxist Archive
“A Brief History of the State of Exception by Giorgio Agamben.”
“Appian of Alexandria | Roman Empire, Punic Wars, Civil Wars | Britannica.”
Gagliardi, Lorenzo. “Leges Liciniae Sextiae.” In Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Classics. 2017.
Manuwald, Jeffrey Henderson • Gesine. “Marcus Terentius Varro’s on the Latin Language: Book V: Chapter XIV: Section 82.” Loeb Classical Library. Accessed January 19, 2026.
“Marcus Furius Camillus | Facts & Biography | Britannica.” January 2, 2026.
“Marcus Terentius Varro | Roman Scholar, Author & Philosopher | Britannica.”
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