But what is a Fourier series? From heat flow to drawing with circles | DE4

Fourier series, from the heat equation epicycles.

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12 minutes of pure Fourier series animations

Some viewers made apps that create circle animations for your own drawing. Check them out!

Thanks to Stuart@Biocinematics for the one-line sketch of Fourier via Twitter. As it happens, he also has an educational YouTube channel:

Small correction: at 9:33, all the exponents should have a pi^2 in them.

If you're looking for more Fourier Series content online, including code to play with to create this kind of animation yourself, check out these posts:

Mathologer

The Coding Train

Jezmoon

For those of you into pure math looking to really dig into the analysis behind this topic, you might want to take a look at Stein Shakarchi's book "Fourier Analysis: An Introduction"

Timestamps:

Thanks to these viewers for their contributions to translations

Hebrew: Omer Tuchfeld

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These animations are largely made using a custom open-source python library, manim. See the FAQ comments here:

You can find code for specific videos and projects here:

Music by Vincent Rubinetti.

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If you want to contribute translated subtitles or to help review those that have already been made by others and need approval, you can click the gear icon in the video and go to subtitles/cc, then "add subtitles/cc". I really appreciate those who do this, as it helps make the lessons accessible to more people.

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3blue1brown is a channel about animating math, in all senses of the word animate. And you know the drill with YouTube, if you want to stay posted on new videos, subscribe

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