Interactions of health

Nature and causation of disease

Disease or dis - ease

Aetiology

endogenous - arising within the organism

exogenous - originating outside the organism

Genetic

Congenital disorders

Deficiency

Teratogenic

Infections

Rhesus incompatibility

Exogenous disease

Mechanical causes

temperature

radiation

atmospheric pressure

electricity

Chemical causes

Effects may be local or systemic

Acids and alkalines

Heavy metals

Air pollution

Water/food pollution

Special areas of body, e.g. eye, mouth

Medicines as poisons

Intoxication

Auto-intoxication, eg renal failure

Malnutrition

Shortage, surplus

unbalanced diet

combinations of these factors

Biological causes

An infectious disease meets Koch`s postulates

Diseases caused by pathogenic micro-organisms

bacteria

fungi

virus

protozoa

mycoplasm

metazoans

prions

Vascular causes

Macrovascular, Microvascular

Atherosclerosis, Arteriosclerosis

Arteriolosclerosis

Ischaemic heart disease

Cerebrovascular disease

Allergy and hypersensivity

Antigen - antibody reaction

Allergens may take many forms

Asthma, Local allergy

Systemic allergy

Autoimmunity

A specific body tissue is attacked by the immune system

Diabetes mellitus type 1

Myasthenia gravis, Rheumatoid disease

Neoplasm

An abnormal (new) mass of tissue

A tumour

Cancer is a malignant neoplasm

Tumours may be benign

Causes of cancer;

ionising radiation

carcinogenic chemicals

oncogenic viruses

oncogenes

Degenerative causes

Wear and tear

Accumulation of unwanted material

Psychiatric problems

Functional

Organic

May be psychotic or neurotic

Psychosomatic disorders.

Interaction of factors in terms of the whole person.

Psychosomatic

Mind affects the body

Iatrogenic

Caused by medical treatments

Idiopathic

Primary disease

Terms

Aetiology

Aneurysm

Arteriosclerosis

Atherosclorosis

Carcinogenic

Delusion

Embolism

Haematemesis

Haematuria

Hallucination

Iatrogenic

Illusion

Inflammation

Infarction

Ischaemia

Multifactorial aetiology

Necrosis

Pathogenic micro-organism

Pathogenesis

Sclerosis

Shock

Thrombosis

Identify aetiological factors for the following diseases.

Pneumonia

Haemophilia

Blue-green colour blindness

Sickle cell anaemia

Pernicious anaemia

Down’s syndrome

Chronic obstructive airway disease

Malignant melanoma

Obesity

Amphetamine psychosis

Intermittent Claudication

Cerebral thrombosis

Myocardial infarction

Athlete’s foot (tinea pedus)

Amoebic dysentery