Multiculturalism, Intercultural Communication: Good Ideas? (SASS: School of Advanced Social Studies)

School of Advanced Social Studies

Colonialism as reverse immigration

Why internecine and civil wars?

Freud’s Narcissism of Small Differences

Mori’s Uncanny Valley Reaction

Intercultural vs. cross-cultural communication: individual vs. collective, commonalities vs. differences

Adorno and Horkheimer in “Dialectic of Enlightenment” and Althusser in “Ideology and Ideological State Apparatuses”: subjectivity formed by media and state who interpellate the individual.

Hidden Assumptions: cultures are different, intercultural communication is needed and beneficial

Cultures are not monolithic (co-cultural theory of Mark Orbe), subcultures

Cultures are heterogeneous and protean

But globalization leads to cultural convergence, reduces diversity, and increases intercultural understanding

Typology of cultures: shame and reputation based (signaling), solutions-orientated (consensual), and dominance/elimination (hegemonic/genocidal)

Goals of intercultural communication: respect (communicative accommodation, code switching); efficacy (cultural agility, cultural simulation, cultural sensitivity, and cultural adaptation); cultural fusion (Eric Kramer) when an acculturated individual harbors multiple cultures.

Components of intercultural communication: social attributes, thought patterns, sociocultural context, identity factors (intercultural adaptation, intercultural competence, communicative competence)

Conflict can be axiological, doxastic, or deontic

Language (referents): meaning of meanings theory

Media of transmission

Interpretation/acculturation (not assimilation, Kim)

Collaboration (communicative acculturation)

Mechanisms: anxiolytic (ameliorates uncertainty)

Assimilation

Deviance (rebellion): defiance, contumaciousness

Alienation (Hajda)

Culture-based Conflict Situation Models (Ting-Toomey and Oetzel): primary orientation, boundary features, conflict communication factors, conflict competence

Intercultural Praxis Model (Sorrells): inquiry, framing, positioning, dialog, reflection, action.

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