Island Hopping Drones Could Help Bridge the Covid Vaccine Equality Divide

In the debate over whether the rich will receive Covid-19 inoculations ahead of the poor, or city dwellers before rural communities, few places illustrate the difficulty of vaccine equity in a global economy better than Miami.

Home of America’s wealthiest zip code, the sun-soaked city on Florida’s southern tip is also the main air-cargo bridge between the developed world and Haiti, Nicaragua and other impoverished countries across the Caribbean and Latin America.

That puts Miami International Airport, one of the nation’s largest freight hubs and one of the few certified to handle pharmaceuticals, at a key crossroads in the effort to distribute shots quickly to the masses in the U.S. and its poor neighbors to the south.

In Europe and the U.S., vaccines will go to the elderly, health-care workers and first responders before fanning out to the general population. Likely to take several months, the logistical relay race kicked off this weekend between drug makers, couriers FedEx Corp. and United Parcel Service Inc., air freight carriers and trucking companies.

Late Friday the U.S. Food and Drug Administration granted emergency authorization for the vaccine developed by Pfizer Inc. and BioNTech SE. Gustave Perna, the army general who serves as chief operating officer for the government’s Operation Warp Speed, said on Saturday the shots will start rolling out from manufacturing to distribution centers on Sunday.

Within days, the immunizations will be offered at central locations including Miami’s largest hospital, Jackson Memorial. Good news for locals, but airport officials are asking broader questions tied to their role running the country’s busiest turnstile for international air cargo.

What about places like the Bahamas, an archipelago of sparsely populated islands starting 50 miles off Florida’s coast and stretching across 100,000 square miles of ocean?

“It’s going to take a long time -- this is not going to be easy,” said Emir Pineda, manager of aviation trade and logistics at Miami’s airport. “The more urban areas, the large cities, will probably be the first to benefit from the vaccines.”

“As we start spreading into more remote areas, it’s going to become more and more difficult,” he said. “How do you get to each one of those little islands? It’s going to be a difficult task.”

Shipping Pfizer and BioNTech's Vaccine

It must be stored at ultra-cold temperatures of -94 degrees Fahrenheit

Sources: Pfizer, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention

The delivery vehicle is only part of the challenge. The Pfizer-BioNTech shipments contain dry ice and more may needed to prevent spoilage on the last leg of long journeys. But Florida has no dry-ice makers, Pineda said, so supplies will be trucked in from Georgia. Not a huge problem, if only they knew how much they’ll need, and when.

“You’ve got a lot of demand, and not knowing is part of the big problem,” Pineda said.

Leading up to Friday’s FDA decision, officials at Miami’s airport determined that the facility has 395,000 square feet of refrigerated space, 27,000 of which is dedicated to pharmaceuticals. They surveyed the tarmac on the expectation that vaccine charters will need to a place to park. They designated an area for truck parking and outlined traffic patterns to avoid congestion for payloads with a short expiration date.

Subscribe to our YouTube channel

Bloomberg Quicktake brings you live global news and original shows spanning business, technology, politics and culture. Make sense of the stories changing your business and your world.

To watch complete coverage on Bloomberg Quicktake 24/7, visit or watch on Apple TV, Roku, Samsung Smart TV, Fire TV and Android TV on the Bloomberg app.

Have a story to tell? Fill out this survey for a chance to have it featured on Bloomberg Quicktake

Connect with us on…

Breaking News on YouTube