History Hustle
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The Fall of the German Colonial Empire - How Germany Lost Its Colonies in the First World War
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September 20, 2019
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14:01Now PlayingGermany lost its colonies during the First World War. World War One made Germany lost its colonial empire. After the Treaty of Versailles (1919) is was made official: England, France, Belgium and Japan took over Germany's colonial territories. The German colonial empire was no more.
The German colonial empire started at the end of the 19th century which is also known as the era of modern imperialism. Germany was a latecomer when it came down to this, because Germany was united in 1871. Otto von Bismarck organized the Berlin Conference of 1884–85 which led to the Scramble for Africa where European nations divided the African continent for large scale colonization. German East Africa and South West Africa (Deutsch-Südwestafrika) was the two largest German colonies in Africa. In Asia they established German New Guinea and took over several islands in the Pacific.
When the First World War broke out the German colonial army (Schutztruppen) was in the minority. The German colonies in Asia were taken over the troops from the British Empire and Japanese. One significant battle was the Siege of Tsingtao (1914). The heaviest fighting of World War One outside Europe took place on the African continent. The First World War in Africa was fought on different places. German South West Africa was invaded from British South Africa and eventually taken over. During the Togo and Cameroon Campaign (Kamerun Campaign) also these colonies fell in allied hands.
The East African Campaign (WW1) saw the rise of German commander Paul von Lettow-Vorbeck. He started an offense against the neighboring colonies. The allies launched their offensive in German East Africa in 1916. Von Lettow-Vorbeck retreated and fought with his askaris a merciless guerrilla campaign. The troops of Von Lettow-Vorbeck held it out until the end of the First World War.
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Check out the video about the Siege of Tsingtao (1914):
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