Monistic, Pluralistic, and Dualistic View of State

The Monistic View of State:

The monistic view of the state holds that the state is a single and unified whole. Individuals who compose it have no separate and independent existence of their own. They are part and parcel of the state. The individuals exist as atomistic units as a whole. Each depends on the other and on the whole for its continued existence. The individual is fleeting, and the state is everlasting. The leaves wither, and the tree stands. In short, the monistic views of the state give great prominence to the state.

The Pluralistic View of State:

The pluralistic view of the state holds that the state is a composite body. The individuals who compose it have their own distinct and independent existence of their own. The state is merely a mechanism to protect the weak against the strong. The extreme pluralist rejects the state altogether. They believed that society is simply an aggregation of individuals. Each can exist and flourish without the aid of the state. Each individual is self-contained and does not depend on others for survival. In other words, for pluralistic, the state is secondary unity. Individuals who compose it are more important.

The Dualistic View of State:

The dualistic view is between monistic and pluralistic. They believed that both state and individuals are distinct. Both depend on each other for their continued existence. Neither individual totally merged into the state nor is entirely isolated or independent from it. John Locke’s Theory of social contract is an example of this.

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