Iran Iraq War in Urdu/Hindi

Iran Iraq war was the deadliest war after World War 2. It started on 22 September 1980 and lasted till 20 August 1988. Saddam Hussein is considered to be the main culprit behind this war. There are a lot of reasons and causes for this war. One of them was the territorial dispute between these two countries. In 1975 both Iran and Iraq signed a treaty known as Algiers Accord to resolve their border disputes peacefully. But in the same treaty, Iraq made some territorial concession to Iran. Saddam saw this treaty humiliating and wanted to get back the Shatt al Arab waterway. He also wanted to annex Khuzestan province of Iran which he considered to be the part of Iraq at one time. So this became one of the chief reasons for initiating the war. The second most important reason for this war was the threat of the Islamic Republic revolution to Iraq. In 1979 there came an Islamic revolution in Iran and Saddam Hussein was much worried about that because Khomeini was much devoted to spreading this revolution throughout the Islamic world especially Shia-Majority Iraq. To defend him and his government, Saddam took the offensive. Among other reasons was Arab Nationalism and Iran’s isolation from the rest of the world and the USA in particular. Saddam saw its opportunity to test his hand and to become the hero of Arab Nationalism.

Initially, Iraq attacked the Air Force of Iran. The attack was secret because Iran’s air force was little in number but was better in quality as compared to Iraq’s air force. So the purpose was to destroy best first and then least. However, Iran defended well and in return destroyed the Iraqi nuclear power plant. Battle of Khorramshahr, Siege of Abadan, Battle of Dezful, Operation Imam and Operation Fath ul Mobin was the main operation during the first phase of the war. On Jan 20, 1982, Saddam wanted “Sue for Peace” but Iran declined and demanded the removal of Iraq’s government. After 1982 Iran attacked Iraq most of the time and Iraq was on the defensive line. When Iran attacked Operation Ramazan, Dawn Operations, Operation Badr Battle of Al-Faw and Battle of Mehran were the major battles and operations. Iran used Human Waves Attacks by a large force of volunteers. 20 July 1988 Khomeini accepted the ceasefire and on 11 December 1991 UNSC identify Iraq as the aggressor.

During the war, many western and middle eastern countries supported Iraq, while Iran was isolated most of the time. The war caused $500 Billion to each country and many lives of both civilians and soldiers. The oil production was also low. Iraq became indebted to western and middle eastern countries. At the end both the countries claimed victory.

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